Scope
Industrial robots are moving off the production line into homes and hospitals. Systems that share space with people, and collaborate with them, place demands on actuators that conventional manipulators never faced: motion inside confined spaces, and gaits that change easily. Soft robotics is the field's recent answer.
Humanoid and legged robots need what industrial arms do not, and the difference concentrates in force/torque control. Muscles in human limbs store energy and carry an intrinsic elasticity; inserting one or more elastic elements into an electric actuator is the main route to reproducing that behaviour.
Soft actuator implementations remain mechanically complex, and their size, weight and cost stand in the way of wide use; applying them to multi-degree-of-freedom machines is still an open problem. This Special Issue invites new work on actuator design, control methods and field validation.